87. In Froude, Erasmus, 139.

88. Smith, Erasmus, 219.

89. Ibid., 221.

90. Ibid., 22; Froude, Erasmus, 233-4.

91. In Murray, Erasmus, 76.

92. Froude, 270-2.

93. Smith, Erasmus, 241.

94. Ibid., 255.

95. Erasmus, Epistles, I, ep. lxxxv.

96. Ibid., ep. ccclxvi.

97. Froude, 308.

98. Letter of Feb., 1523, in Froude, 310.

99. Acton, 105; Lecky, Rationalism, I, 140.

100. Ibid.

101. Bainton, Here I Stand, 254-5.

102. Froude, 340, 381.

103. In Allen, Political Thought, 80.

104. Froude, 403.

105. Ibid., 352.

106. In Froude, 400.

107. Erasmus, Hyperaspistes.

108. In Froude, 352.

109. Walpole, H., Letters, III, 184.

110. Beard, Luther, 93.

111. Acton, 89.

CHAPTER XX

1. Janssen, IV, 62.

2. Cf. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 159.

3. Janssen, VI, 534.

4. Janssen, V, 277.

5. Lea, Clerical Celibacy, 530.

6. Janssen, VII, 247.

7. Id., IV, 47.

8. Id., IX, 130.

9. Id., XIII, 24.

10. Froude, Erasmus, 387.

11. Vambéry, 283.

12. Janssen, IV, 119.

13. Ibid., 109-11.

14. En. Brit., XI, 288.

15. Janssen, V, 271; Ranke, 614.

16. Cath. En., XI, 453.

17. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 219.

18. Janssen, V, 423.

19. Luther, Works, V, 128; Pastor, XI, 69, 81-7.

20. Janssen, V, 495 f; Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 233.

21. Pastor, XI, 362-3.

22. Ibid., 375-98.

23. Ledderhose, 177-82.

24. Ibid., 188.

25. Cath. En., IX, 452d.

26. In Bainton, Here I Stand, 346.

27. Pastor, XI, 67.

28. Smith, Luther, 309.

29. Werke (Walch), XX, 223, in Cath. En., IX, 45 6d.

30. Luther, Works, V, 163.

31. In Tawney, Religion and the Rise of Capitalism, 101; Bainton, Here I Stand, 238.

32. Werke, XIX, 626, in Allen, Political Thought, 22.

33. Bax, Peasants’ War, 351.

34. Werke, XV, 276, in Bax, 352.

35. Smith, Luther, 374.

36. Letter of Sept. 3, 1531.

37. Smith, 196.

38. In Bebel, Woman under Socialism, 68.

39. Janssen, VI, 81-6.

40. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 241.

41. Ledderhose, 170.

42. Janssen, VI, 122.

43. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 241.

44. In Smith, Luther, 399 f.; Pastor, XI, 215 f.

45. Werke, XXV, 124-55, in Janssen, VI, 271-2, and Pastor, XII, 216 f.

46. Weber, Hermann, On Means for the Prolongation of Life, 48.

47. Smith, Luther, 405.

48. Ibid., 409.

49. James, Wm., Varieties of Religious Belief, 137.

50. Ibid.

51. T.T., 633.

52. Ibid., 15.

53. 19.

54. 235.

55. In Robertson, Charles V, II, 158n.

56. Smith, Luther, 419.

57. Armstrong, Charles V, 1,138.

58. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 276.

59. Ibid., 278.

60. Schaff, Swiss Reformation, 387, 548; Janssen, XIV, 149.

61. Id., VII, 139.

62. Id., IV, 362-3; Schapiro, 78; Allen, Political Thought, 33.

63. In La Tour, IV, 161.

64. In Janssen, VII, 139.

CHAPTER XXI

1. Cath. En., III, 196.

2. Beza in Schaff, Swiss Ref., 302.

3. La Tour, IV, 11.

4. Calvin, Institutes, Preface, 20-2, 39-40.

5. Institutes, I, viii, 1.

6. Ibid., II, 19.

7. Ephesians, i, 3-7.

8. Institutes, III, xxi-xxii.

9. Romans, ix, 15.

10. Institutes, II, xxi, 7.

11. Consensus Genevensis in Schaff, Swiss Ref., 554.

12. Institutes, III, xxi, 1.

13. Ibid.

14. III, xxiii, 7.

15. IV, i, 10.

16. IV, i, 4.

17. Allen, Political Thought, 61; Hearnshaw, Thinkers of the Renaissance and the Reformation, 211.

18. Institutes, IV, xix, 3.

19. III, xxi, I.

20. Schaff, 558.

21. Institutes, III, ix, 4.

22. Ibid.

23. III, ix, 6.

24. For: La Tour, IV, 32, and Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 358; against: Cath. En., III, 196a.

25. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 360.

26. Robinson, Readings, 299.

27. Schaff, 361.

28. Ibid., 414.

29. 412.

30. 426.

31. 437.

32. Robinson, Readings, 300.

33. La Tour, IV, 178.

34. Villari, Savonarola, 491.

35. Schaff, 492.

36. Beard, The Reformation, 250.

37. Ibid., Schaff, 491.

38. Ibid., 492.

39. O’Brien, Economic Effects, 101.

40. As by Weber, Max, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, passim; Barnes, Economic Hy of the Western World, 201-2; and O’Brien, 129.

41. Institutes, III, vii, 5.

42. Cf. O’Brien, 100.

43. Ibid., 20.

44. Tawney, 119.

45. Barnes, Economic History, 201.

46. Schaff, 644.

47. Beard, The Reformation, 252: Muir, John Knox, 108.

48. Smith, Reformation, 174.

49. Schaff, 519.

50. Ibid., 839.

51. La Tour, IV, 206.

52. Schaff, 739.

53. La Tour, IV, 200; Schaff, 594.

54. Schaff, 618.

55. Ibid., 502.

56. Robertson, J. M., Freethought, I, 443-4.

57. Servetus, De Trinitatis erroribus, i, 94b, in Bainton, Hunted Heretic, 48.

58. Servetus, ibid., i, 34; Newman, L. I., Jewish Influence on Christian Reform Movements, 584.

59. Bainton, Hunted Heretic, 144.

60. Ibid.

61. Ibid., 147.

62. Schaff, 733.

63. Bury, J. B., History of Freedom of Thought, 64.

64. Schaff, 770.

65. Ibid., 764, 773; Bainton, 191.

66. Bainton, 188.

67. Schaff, 777.

68. Ibid., 778.

69. Bainton, 185.

70. Ibid., 209-11; Schaff, 710, 781-4.

71. Schaff, 784.

72. Walker, John Calvin, 425.

73. Schaff, 707-8.

74. Ibid.

75. 709.

76. In Allen, Political Thought, 87.

77. Castellio in Allen, 90-4; Haydn, Counter-Renaissance, 104.

78. In Allen, 98.

79. Time magazine, Feb. 22, 1954.

80. Schaff, 652n.

CHAPTER XXII

1. In Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1142.

2. Ibid., 1141.

3. 1130.

4. Taylor, R., Leonardo, 444.

5. Sichel, Catherine de’ Medici and the French Reformation, 38.

6. Erasmus, Colloquies, II, 54.

7. Erasmus, Epistles, II, 468.

8. Michelet, III, 175.

9. E.g., Aretino, La cortigiana, in Dialogues, 228.

10. Batiffol, Century of the Renaissance, 44.

11. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1131.

12. Cellini, Autobiography, ii, 10.

13. Guizot, Hy of France, III, 81.

14. Ibid., Michelet, III, 218.

15. Michelet, III, 148.

16. Sichel, Women and Men of the French Renaissance, 87.

17. Ibid.

18. Michelet, III, 135.

19. Sichel, Women, 193.

20. Faguet, Literary History of France, 281.

21. Margaret, Queen of Navarre, Heptameron, xli.

22. In Maulde, 354.

23. Margaret, Heptameron, 36.

24. In Maulde, 53.

25. Ibid., 297.

26. In Sichel,