55. Cust, 31.

56. In Panofsky, I, 44.

57. Panofsky, II, fig. 171.

58. Id., I, 6.

59. Ibid., 208.

60. In Scott, W. B., Albert Dürer, 136.

61. Ibid., 154-6.

62. Janssen, I, 301.

63. Hughes, P., The Reformation in England, I, 100; Beard, Luther, 53.

64. In La Tour, Les origines de la Réforme, II, 340.

65. In Janssen, I, 78.

66. In Thompson, Social and Economic Hy, 604.

67. Janssen, I, 108.

68. Schoenfeld, Women of the Teutonic Nations, 218.

69. In Smith, Age of the Reformation, 54.

70. Strauss, D., Ulrich von Hutten, 22.

71. Creighton, Hy of the Papacy, VI, 32.

72. Robertson, J. M., Hy of Freethought, I, 435.

73. Creighton, VI, 31.

74. Ibid., 32.

75. Acton, Lectures on Modern History, 84.

76. Ranke, Reformation, 135; Beard, Luther, 85.

77. In Janssen, I, 104.

78. Strauss, Hutten, 112 f .

79. Henderson, E., Hy of Germany in the Middle Ages, 131.

80. Janssen, I, 278.

81. Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 675.

82. Lacroix, Prostitution, 960.

83. Strauss, 89.

84. Janssen, III, 74.

85. Ibid.

86. Strauss, 83.

87. Janssen, III, 72.

88. Letter of Nov. 1519 in Froude, Erasmus, 252.

89. Lea, Inquisition in the Middle Ages, III, 89.

90. Janssen, II, 298; Ranke, 140; Beard, Luther, 48.

91. Preface to Luther’s edition of Wessel’s Farrago, in Creighton, Papacy, VI, 7.

92. Ranke, 120.

93. Beard, Luther, 35.

94. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 106.

95. Tawney, R. H., Religion and the Rise of Capitalism, 138.

96. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 106.

97. Janssen, II, 292-6; cf. III, 77, and Catholic Encyclopedia, IX, 446.

98. Thompson, 500.

99. Pastor, VII, 326.

100. In Pastor, II, 413; italics mine.

101. Pastor, III, 194; 98 f.; Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 689.

102. Pastor, VI, 85.

103. Pastor, I, 157-8.

104. Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 690.

CHAPTER XVI

1. Acton, Lectures on Modern Hy, 91; Thompson, Social and Economic Hy, 425, 428; Ranke, Reformation, 151.

2. Friar Myconius in Thatcher, O. J., Source Book for Medieval Hy, 339.

3. In Robertson, W., Charles V, I, 372.

4. Pastor, VII, 349.

5. Luther, Works, I, 26; Thesis 75.

6. Beard, Luther, 257.

7. Acton, 97.

8. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 127.

9. Ranke, Reformation, 154.

10. Beard, 121; Smith, P., Luther, 2.

11. In D’Arcy, M. C., Thomas Aquinas, 254.

12. Ranke, 144; Beard, 156.

13. Beard, 165.

14. Luther, Tischreden, lxxvii, in Gregorovius, Hy of Rome, VIII-1, 249.

15. Ganss, H. G., in Cath. En., IX, 441.

16. In Janssen, III, 97.

17. Ibid., 89.

18. Cath. En., IX, 442.

19. In Pastor, VII, 354.

20. Cath. En., IX, 443.

21. In Beard, 231-3.

22. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 132.

23. Ranke, 160.

24. Roscoe, Wm., Leo X, II, 95, 105-7.

25. Pastor, VII, 367.

26. H. von Schubert in Smith, Luther, ix.

27. In Pastor, VII, 378.

28. Smith, Reformation, 700.

29. Beard, 270.

30. Ibid., 273-4; Ranke, 195; Cath. En., IX, 443; Acton, 94-5.

31. Pastor, VII, 382; Beard, 272.

32. Smith, Luther, 56.

33. Cath. En., IX, 444.

34. Smith, Luther, 71.

35. Letter of Aug. 20, 1531, in Froude, Erasmus, 397.

36. In Ledderhose, Life of Melanchthon, 30.

37. In Beard, 279.

38. In Strauss, Hutten, 263.

39. In Pastor, VII, 389; Janssen, III, III.

40. Strauss, 225.

41. Werke, VIII, 203, in Beard, 352.

42. Pastor, VII, 384; Smith, Luther, 75,

43. Luther, Works, II, 63.

44. Ibid., 69-70.

45. 76.

46. 78.

47. 83-99, italics mine.

48. 110-42.

49. 138-9.

50. Babylonian Captivity, in Works, II, 188.

51. Ibid., 257.

52. In Janssen, III, 129.

53. Works, II, 269-71.

54. Ibid., 293.

55. 302-10.

56. 299.

57. 331.

58. 318.

59. Ranke, 215; Pastor, VII, 400-8; Janssen, III, 30.

60. Ranke, 220; Beard, 375.

61. Hume, M., The Spanish People, 331.

62. Adams, Brooks, Civilization and Decay, 98.

63. Strieder, Jacob Fugger, 153.

64. Michelet, III, 174.

65. Thompson, Social and Economic History, 428.

66. Armstrong, E., Charles V, I, 69.

67. Janssen, III, 173.

68. Pastor, VII, 423.

69. Lingard, Hy of England, IV, 225.

70. In Janssen, III, 172; Bainton, Here I Stand, 175.

71. Strauss, 276 f.

72. Beard, 421-3.

73. Janssen, III, 182.

74. Beard, 432.

75. Bainton, Here I Stand, 185.

76. Ibid.; Schaff, German Reformation, 29.

77. Bainton, Here I Stand, 185; cf. Cath. En. IX, 446d, and the Protestant authors there cited.

78. Creighton, Hy of the Papacy, VI, 176.

79. Carlyle, Thos., Heroes and Hero Worship, 360.

80. Bainton, Here 1 Stand, 186.

81. Acton, 101.

82. Bainton, 189.

83. Ibid., 195.

84. Taylor, H. O., Thought and Expression in the 16th Century, II, 213.

85. Bax, German Society, 142; Lecky, History of Rationalism, I, 22.

86. Janssen, III, 246-8.

87. Bainton, 200.

88. Ibid., 205-6; Ranke, 251.

89. Luther, Works, III, 206-7.

90. Ibid., 211.

91. Ranke, 254.

92. Bainton, 208.

93. Janssen, III, 259.

94. Ibid., 263.

95. Bainton, 214.

96. Beard, 127.

97. Janssen, IV, 98.

98. Smith, Luther, 155.

99. Ibid., 168.

100. 380.

101. Froude, Erasmus, 294.

102. Janssen, XIV, 408.

103. Luther, Table Talk, 118.

104. Werke (Walch), VIII, 2042, in Beard, The Reformation of the 16th Century in Relation to Modern Thought and Knowledge, 161.

105. Luther, Table Talk, 353.

106. Luther, Werke (Erlangen), VI, 142-8, in Maritain, Three Reformers, 33, and Beard, Reformation, 156.

107. In Paulsen, German Education, 47.

108. In Janssen, III, 240.

109. Schaff, German Reformation, 35-6.

110. Luther, T.T., 24.

111. Smith, Luther, xi.

112. T.T., 2.

113. Ibid., 91, 96.

114. 67.

115. 15.

116. 797; Smith, Luther, 362.

117. T.T., 574.

118. Sermon of March 6, J521; Janssen, XII, 316.

119. Maritain, Three Reformers, 30.

120. Smith, Reformation, 653.

121. Lecky, Rationalism, I, 22.

122. T.T., 577, 597; Janssen, XIV, 87.

123. Janssen, XII, 317.

124. Lecky, Rationalism, I, 23.

125. T.T., 579-86, 608.

126. Luther, Works, III, 235-7.

127. Works, II, 391.

128. Ibid., 316.

129. T.T.,