Thomas, J.A. et al., 2002. Parasitoid secretions provoke ant warfare. Nature, 417(6888), pp. 505–506.

Tofilski, A. et al., 2008. Preemptive defensive self-sacrifice by ant workers. The American Naturalist, 172(5), pp.E239–E243.

West, S.A. and Buckling, A., 2003. Cooperation, virulence and siderophore production in bacterial parasites. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 270(1510), pp. 37–44.

West, S.A. et al., 2007. Evolutionary explanations for cooperation. Current Biology, 17(16), pp.R661–R672.

West, S.A. and Gardner, A., 2010. Altruism, spite, and greenbeards. Science, 327(5971), pp. 1341–1344.

Глава 7

Anderson, D.J., 1990. Evolution of obligate siblicide in boobies. 1. A test of the insurance-egg hypothesis. The American Naturalist, 135(3), pp. 334–350.

Anderson, D.J., 1990. Evolution of obligate siblicide in boobies. 2: Food limitation and parent-offspring conflict. Evolution, 44(8), pp. 2069–2082.

Arnqvist, G. and Rowe, L., 1995. Sexual conflict and arms races between the sexes: a morphological adaptation for control of mating in a female insect. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 261(1360), pp. 123–127.

Brennan, P.L. et al., 2007. Coevolution of male and female genital morphology in waterfowl. PLoS One, 2(5), p.e418.

Brennan, P.L. et al., 2010. Explosive eversion and functional morphology of the duck penis supports sexual conflict in waterfowl genitalia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277(1686), pp. 1309–1314.

Bruce, H.M., 1959. An exteroceptive block to pregnancy in the mouse. Nature, 184(4680), pp. 105–105.

Cheng, Y.R. et al., 2019. Nest predation predicts infanticide in a cooperatively breeding bird. Biology Letters, 15(8), p. 20190314.

Clifford, L.D. and Anderson, D.J., 2001. Experimental demonstration of the insurance value of extra eggs in an obligately siblicidal seabird. Behavioral Ecology, 12(3), pp. 340–347.

Chapman, T. et al., 1995. Cost of mating in Drosophila melanogaster females is mediated by male accessory gland products. Nature, 373(6511), pp. 241–244.

Chapman, T. et al., 2003. Sexual conflict. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18(1), pp. 41–47.

Crudgington, H.S. and Siva-Jothy, M.T., 2000. Genital damage, kicking and early death. Nature, 407(6806), pp. 855–856.

Gage, M., 2004. Evolution: sexual arms races. Current Biology, 14(10), pp.R378–R380.

Garcia-Vazquez, E. et al., 2001. Alternative mating strategies in Atlantic salmon and brown trout. Journal of Heredity, 92(2), pp. 146–149.

Godfray, H.C.J., 1991. Signalling of need by offspring to their parents. Nature, 352(6333), pp. 328–330.

Harano, T. and Kutsukake, N., 2018. The evolution of male infanticide in relation to sexual selection in mammalian carnivores. Evolutionary Ecology, 32(1), pp. 1–8.

Kennedy, P. and Radford, A.N., 2021. Kin blackmail as a coercive route to altruism. The American Naturalist, 197(2), pp. 266–273.

Kramer, J. et al., 2017. When earwig mothers do not care to share: parent– offspring competition and the evolution of family life. Functional Ecology, 31(11), pp. 2098–2107.

Morandini, V. and Ferrer, M., 2015. Sibling aggression and brood reduction: a review. Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 27(1), pp. 2–16.

Mouginot, P. et al., 2017. Evolution of external female genital mutilation: why do males harm their mates? Royal Society Open Science, 4(11), p. 171195.

Parker, G.A., 2020. Conceptual developments in sperm competition: a very brief synopsis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 375(1813), p. 20200061.

Roberts, E.K. et al., 2012. A Bruce effect in wild geladas. Science, 335(6073), pp. 1222–1225.

Royle, N.J. et al., 2002. Begging for control: when are offspring solicitation behaviours honest? Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17(9), pp. 434–440.

Stutt, A.D. and Siva-Jothy, M.T., 2001. Traumatic insemination and sexual conflict in the bed bug Cimex lectularius. PNAS, 98(10), pp. 5683–5687.

Tatarnic, N.J. et al., 2014. Traumatic insemination in terrestrial arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology, 59, pp. 245–261.

Tregenza, T. et al., 2006. Introduction. Sexual conflict: a new paradigm? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 361(1466), pp. 229–234.

Zahavi, A., 1977. Reliability in communication systems and the evolution of altruism. In Evolutionary Ecology (pp. 253–259). Palgrave, London.

Глава 8

Boal, C.W., 1997. An urban environment as an ecological trap for Cooper’s hawks (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Arizona).

Boal, C.W. and Mannan, R.W., 1999. Comparative breeding ecology of Cooper’s hawks in urban and exurban areas of southeastern Arizona. The Journal of Wildlife Management, pp. 77–84.

Crerar, L.D. et al., 2014. Rewriting the history of an extinction – was a population of Steller’s sea cows (Hydrodamalis gigas) at St Lawrence Island also driven to extinction? Biology letters, 10(11), p. 20140878.

Estes, J.A. et al., 2016. Sea otters, kelp forests, and the extinction of Steller’s sea cow. PNAS, 113(4), pp. 880–885.

Frost, O.W., 1994. Vitus Bering and Georg Steller: their tragic conflict during the American expedition. The Pacific Northwest Quarterly, 86(1), pp. 3–16.

Gill, F.L. et al., 2018. Diets of giants: the nutritional value of sauropod diet during the Mesozoic. Palaeontology, 61(5), pp. 647–658.

Kriska, G. et al., 1998. Why do mayflies lay their eggs en masse on dry asphalt roads? Water-imitating polarized light reflected from asphalt attracts Ephemeroptera. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 201(15), pp. 2273–2286.

Lacovara, K.J. et al., 2014. A gigantic, exceptionally complete titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from southern Patagonia, Argentina. Scientific Reports, 4(1), pp. 1–9.

Mannan, R.W. et al., 2008. Identifying habitat sinks: a case study of Cooper’s hawks in an urban environment. Urban Ecosystems, 11(2), pp. 141–148.

Sander, P.M. and Clauss, M., 2008. Sauropod gigantism. Science, 322(5899), pp. 200–201.

Sander, P.M. et al., 2011. Biology of the sauropod dinosaurs: the evolution of gigantism. Biological Reviews, 86(1), pp. 117–155.

Schulte, P. et al., 2010. The Chicxulub asteroid impact and mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Science, 327(5970), pp. 1214–1218.

Stejneger, L., 1887. How the great northern sea-cow (Rytina) became exterminated. The American Naturalist, 21(12), pp. 1047–1054.

Wedel, M.J., 2003. Vertebral pneumaticity, air sacs, and the physiology of sauropod dinosaurs. Paleobiology, 29(2), pp. 243–255.

Глава 9

Aars, J. et al., 2015. White-beaked dolphins trapped in the ice and eaten by polar bears. Polar Research, 34(1), p. 26612.

Amano, M. et al., 2011. Age determination and reproductive traits of killer whales entrapped in ice off Aidomari, Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Mammalogy, 92(2), pp. 275–282.

Coyne, J.A., 2009. Why Evolution is True. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Darwin, C., 1859. On the Origin of Species. John Murray, London.

González, F. and Pabón-Mora, N., 2015. Trickery flowers: the extraordinary chemical mimicry of Aristolochia to accomplish deception to its pollinators. New Phytologist, 206(1), pp. 10–13.

More, H., 1653. An Antidote to Athesm. Roger Daniel, London.

Oelschlägel, B. et al., 2015. The betrayed thief – the extraordinary strategy of Aristolochia rotunda to deceive its pollinators. New Phytologist, 206(1), pp. 342–351.

Rowe, E.W., 2018. Arctic international relations: new stories on rafted ice. In Arctic Governance. Manchester University Press, Manchester.

Заключение

Camperio Ciani, A. et al., 2008. Sexually antagonistic selection in human male homosexuality. PLoS One, 3(6), p.e2282.

Haddad, W.A. et al., 2015. Multiple occurrences of king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) sexual harassment by Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella). Polar Biology, 38(5), pp. 741–746.

Harris, H.S. et al., 2010. Lesions and behavior associated with forced copulation of juvenile Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) by southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). Aquatic Mammals, 36(4), p. 331.

Meier, B.P. et al., 2019. Naturally better? A review of the natural-is-better bias. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 13(8), p.e12494.

Moskowitz, C. 2008. Why Gays Don’t Go Extinct. LiveScience, www.livescience.com/2623-gays-dont-extinct.html [accessed 20/12/2021].

Sullivan, B. 2019. Stop calling it a choice: Biological factors drive homosexuality. The Conversation, https://theconversation.com/stop-calling-it-a-choice-biological-factors-drive-homosexuality-122764 [accessed 20/12/2021].

Notes

1

К головоногим относятся осьминоги, кальмары, каракатицы и наутилусы. – Прим. науч. ред.

2

Когда челюсти распахиваются,

А внутри еще одни челюсти,

Это мурена! – Прим. пер.

3

Существуют две основные группы челюстноротых рыб – хрящевые (акулы, скаты и их родственники) и костные (все остальные). В отдельную группу, которая называется бесчелюстные, входят миноги и миксины. Как предполагает их название, у них нет даже первого