102. In Taylor, Thought and Expression in the 16th Cy, I, 381.

103. Speculum, Oct. 1933, p. 431.

104. Owen J., Skeptics of the French Renaissance, 505.

105. Ibid., 539.

106. Graves, Peter Ramus, 108. Italics mine.

107. Owen, 529.

108. Ibid., 534-5; Michelet, III, 474; Graves, 106-7.

109. Ibid., 106.

110. Michelet, III, 474.

CHAPTER XXXVIII

1. Pastor, X, 310; XII, 494; Robertson, Freethought, I, 408.

2. Noyes, Ferrara, 203-19.

3. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 386.

4. Trend, Civilization of Spain, 123.

5. Schaff, Swiss Reformation, 651.

6. Pastor, XI, 3.

7. Ibid., X, 444.

8. Carpacciolus in Ranke, Hy of the Popes, I, 131.

9. Janelle, Catholic Reformation, 64.

10. Pastor, XI, 134.

11. Ibid., 155 f.

12. Ranke, Popes, I, 117.

13. In Pastor, XI, 164 f.

14. Ibid., 192.

15. McCabe, Crises in the History of the Papacy, 319.

16. Voltaire, Selected Works, ed. McCabe, IV, 216.

17. Fülöp-Miller, Saints That Moved the World, 333.

18. Ibid., 350.

19. 354.

20. James, Varieties of Religious Experience, 414.

21. Fülöp-Miller, 375.

22. James, 411.

23. Fülöp-Miller, 367.

24. Ibid., 396.

25. 405.

26. 419.

27. 274.

28. Ignatius, St., Autobiography, 28.

29. Ibid., 40.

30. 54.

31. Cath. En., VII, 640,

32. Fülöp-Miller, 302.

33. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 657; McCabe, Candid Hy of the Jesuits, 8; Ranke, Popes, I, 173n.

34. Longridge, The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius Loyola, 119.

35, Sedgwick, Ignatius Loyola, 350; McCabe, Candid Hy, 40.

36. Sedgwick, 182.

37. Belloc, 228, 234.

38. McCabe, 32.

39. Sedgwick, 221.

40. Ibid., 215.

41. Symonds, The Catholic Reaction, I, 215.

42. Report of Father Gonzalez in Sedgwick, 344.

43. Fülöp-Miller, 319-20,

44. Cath. En., VII, 643.

45. Sedgwick, III.

46. Penrose, Travel and Discovery, 69.

47. Campbell, Thos., The Jesuits, 77-8.

48. Ibid., 78.

49. 84.

50. McCabe, 84.

51. Acton, Lectures, 115.

52. Robertson, Charles V, II, 78

53. Pastor, XIII, 222.

54. Graves, Hy of Education during the Middle Ages, 214.

55. Smith, Reformation, 666

CHAPTER XXXIX

1. Pastor, VII, 6.

2. Ibid., 5.

3. Pastor, X, 385.

4. XI, 40.

5. Cellini, Autobiography, i, 123,

6. Pastor, XI, 50.

7. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 233

8. Ranke, Popes, I, 125.

9. Froude, Council of Trent, 213

10. Pastor, XI, 356.

11. XIII, 61 f.

12. Ibid., 154.

13. Robertson, Charles V, II, 401

14. Pastor, XIV, 72.

15. Armstrong, Charles V, II, 361.

16. Pastor, XIV, 126.

17. Ranke, Popes, I, 218.

18. Pastor, XIV, 345.

19. Ibid., 142-3.

20. Ranke, I, 226.

21. Ibid., 227.

22. Acts, xix, 19.

23. Putnam, Censorship of the Church of Rome, I, 1.

24. Draper, Hy of Intellectual Development, II, 214.

25. Pastor, XIV, 277 f.

26. Sarpi, Istoria del Concilio Tridenttno, II, 91, in Symonds, Catholic Reaction, 1, 154.

27. Robertson, Freethought, I, 456-7.

28. Pastor, XII, 503.

29. Ranke, I, 159.

30. Pastor, XII, 508.

31. XIV, 286.

32. ibid., 300

33. Ibid

34. 414 f.; Ranke, I, 235.

35. Ibid., 245n.

36. Admitted by Janelle, 78.

37. Ibid., 71.

38. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 664, 678

39. Sarton, II-2, 916.

40. Ranke, I, 153; Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 667; Froude, Edward VI, 9 f.

41. Ranke, I, 155; Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 668.

42. Lea, Sacerdotal Celibacy, 518.

43. Froude, Council of Trent, 283.

44. Pastor, XIII, 116.

45. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 675; Ranke, I, 252.

46. Ibid., 251.

47. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 680.

48. Session XXV; Cath. En., VII, 787.

49. For Italy cf. Symonds, Catholic Reaction, I, 234, 333; for Spain, Lea, Auricular Confession, II, 426.

50. Lecroix, Prostitution, II, 1156.

51. Figgis, From Gerson to Grotius, 43; Robertson, Charles V, II, 515-6, Taine, Italy: Rome and Naples, 240.